Much has been written about this ill-starred match, but there are no kind words in any account for the Duke, who has been described as surly, critical, suspicious and without intellectual qualities.. It would be nearly another 26 years before the two would finally marry in 1921 and Consuelo would find happiness with Jacques in France, and later in Southampton. Her mother, Alva, was ambitious for her daughter's marriage prospects and named her after Consuelo Yznaga, a childhood friend. When he inherited his title two years before they met, he found out he was practically bankrupt. It had been a decade of utter misery for them both, but it still wasnt the done thing in the aristocracy. Estimate: $300,000-500,000. Those in the throng had come to witness the arrival of the bride and groom in the ultimate celebrity wedding: Consuelo Vanderbilt young, beautiful, and one of the two wealthiest young women in the United States at the time, reputedly worth around $4 billion in todays money and Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill, the 9th Duke of Marlborough and the most eligible peer in Great Britain. She also cast aspersions on Winthrops intentions, claiming he just wanted Consuelo for her money. Gladys not only bred Blenheim Spanielsa hobby her husband detestedjust to spite the duke, she also reportedly kept a gun in her bedroom to prevent him from ever entering (this kind of thing seemed to happen to Marlborough a lot). The only daughter of railroad millionaire William Vanderbilt and his formidable wife Alva, Consuelo was pre-destined to marry into the British aristocracy like her godmother Consuleo Yznaga who had married the heir to the 7 th Duke of Manchester. The family lived in an elaborate, castle-like home on . High Style in the Gilded Age: Consuelo Vanderbilt, Consuelo, her brother Harold and Alva in Paris, c. 1895. In fact, she continued to feed information to the papers about everything from Consuelos gown to the gold fastenings on her undergarments in order to build public excitement in the lead up to the wedding. [26], Records in Florida show that in 1932 Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan built a home in Manalapan, Florida, just south of Palm Beach. She stopped at nothing to keep pushing them together. [30], During World War I, Consuelo Vanderbilt worked as the chair of the Economic Relief Committee for the American Women's War Relief Fund.[31]. Her first marriage to the 9th Duke of Marlborough has become a well-known example of one of the advantageous, but loveless, marriages common during the Gilded Age; as such, she was known as one of the earliest dollar princesses. The duchess eventually was smitten with her husband's cousin, the Hon. He was inoffensively and blandly handsome, and she thought he was somewhat smart and somewhat nice, but not much more. The Duke of Marlborough, Savior of Blenheim Palace, Has Died at Age 88 By James Reginato October 18, 2014 Standing six feet and five inches tall, John George Vanderbilt Henry. There's something about the family structure that encourages secrets. Even worse, she had to stifle mournful sobs throughout the ceremony. Deportment is emphasized all day long. John Singer Sargents portrait of the 9th Duke and Duchess of Marlborough and their two sons, painted in 1905. Winthrop left town, her friends had long stopped callingand her mother twisted the knife in further. Is Consuelo Vanderbilt still alive? Consuelo had, in fact, been secretly engaged to someone else before accepting the Dukes proposal she was persuaded to break the engagement by her mother, who claimed it had caused her to suffer a near-fatal heart attack. She was tall elegant with a long . [11] Her mother cajoled, wheedled, begged, and then, ultimately, ordered her daughter to marry Marlborough. Consuelo found the Duke cold, snobbish and image-obsessed. The Glitter and the Gold by Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and a Mother in the Gilded Age by Amanda Mackenzie Stuart The face on the sphinx: . Oh, and there was one more truly damning detail. Lady Paget, always short of money, soon became a sort of international marital agent, introducing eligible American heiresses to British noblemen.[10]. Still, she was about to find out just how awful things could get. Soon enough, she gave birth to a son, John Spencer-Churchill. . In Alva Vanderbilts defence, her expectation was that the position of Duchess would be fulfilling for Consuelo because of the influence and prestige that came with it, the like of which she could never have in America. But that friendship was about to endure a horrible shock. She lived in France before World War II, when she and Balsan returned to live in New York. Sure that her daughter would try to make a break for it with Winthrop the minute the opportunity arose, Alva controlled Consuelo in a chilling way. Consuelo bears two treasured sons and forges a deep friendship with the young Winston Churchill, her husbands cousin, who would, in fact, have succeeded her husband as the next duke, had she failed to produce a son. She was also in love with an American suitor when her mother chose instead for her to marry an English Duke. If Consuelo said one word out of line, the matriarch was liable to whip the girl with a riding crop. Later in her life, Consuelo wrote (with the help of a ghostwriter) her autobiography The Glitter and the Gold, where her life with the Duke of Marlborough was the glitter, with all its hollow opulence, and her time with Balsan was the true gold. For a brief time, it looked like Consuelo was going to get her happy ever after at last with Rutherfurd; around the time of Ivors conception, Rutherfurd experienced a fit of passion and proposed that they elope together. Consuelo Vanderbilt-Balsan (formerly Consuelo Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough; born Consuelo Vanderbilt; March 2, 1877 - December 6, 1964) was a socialite and a member of the prominent American Vanderbilt family.Her first marriage to the 9th Duke of Marlborough has become a well-known example of one of the advantageous, but loveless, marriages common during the Gilded Age; as such . In the span of two months, Consuelo had lost two of the people she loved the most, and she was well and truly alone for the first time in her life. Undeterred, Winthrop promised to trail her to Europe and elope with her once they got back stateside. Laced into a wedding gown her mother had chosen before her engagement and walking beside bridesmaids her mother had hand-picked, Consuelo entered the church to marry the man her mother had insisted on. Perfect for readers of Jennifer Robson and lovers of Downton Abbey. Embed from Getty Images First, let's get Consuelo's mama out of the way: Alva Vanderbilt was . In the interim between proposing and Consuelo visiting, he had apparently gotten a major case of buyers remorse and presented her with one of the worst excuses for not marrying her. So yes, our poor, naive Consuelo was being forced into marriage by a family who didnt know matrimonial happiness in the slightest. Her mother reportedly received at least five proposals for her hand. Paul Csar Helleusportrait of Consuelo, offered in the 19th Century European Art sale in New York on 26 October, was executed during the artists visit to Blenheim Palace in the spring of 1900. A reviewer in the same paper called it "an ideal epitaph of the age of elegance. except that we dont have the nasal bridge so tall. She allows Consuelo and her siblings to take over an old bowling alley on the property as a playhouse, but insists the children do all the housework themselves, even the cooking. She was buried alongside her younger son, Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill, in the churchyard at St Martin's Church, Bladon, Oxfordshire, England, near her former home, Blenheim Palace. Consuelo not only had money and poise, but she also was known as a great beauty in her time. The party is said to have cost her indulgent husband $3 million. For her part, Consuelo was given little opportunity to express her own opinion on the matter. Get the best stories from Christies.com in a weekly email, *We will never sell or rent your information. And as Consuelo grew up, an enormous problem began developing. As Peter Pan playwright J M Barrie once put it, I would stand all day in the street to see Consueloget into her carriage. American socialite heiress, Duchess of Marlborough. Consuelos love Winthrop Rutherfurd had followed her to Europe, and had even called on where she was staying in Paris. The influx of Consuelos fortune allowed him to restore Blenheim to the glory that the great house still exhibits today. Consuelo is just one of nine American girls who make such a marriage in 1895. Consuelo Vanderbilt was the richest American heiress to marry into British aristocracy. The day that Winthrop Rutherfurd made Consuelo Vanderbilt his fiance, the young girl was on the edge of heading out on a long European sojourn with her mother, ostensibly to broaden her horizons but really to catch her a husband with a title. Portrait of Consuelo Vanderbilt Earl, 1931. Music lessons and an hour of exercise in Central Park fill out the day. Privacy Policy, The former director of the Fricks personal collection is to be offered as a highlight of the Old Masters sale in New York, The legends of the sky god who lost an eye, the unborn child who was sewn into his fathers thigh, and more, The story of American heiress Consuelo Vanderbilts celebrity wedding in 1895 and a very personal portrait that she kept until her death, Paul Csar Helleu (French, 1859-1927), Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough, circa 1900. Moderate. [15] Consuelo's father built a mansion for her in London, Sunderland House in Curzon Street. That tore her up enoughbut on their honeymoon, a sinking feeling overwhelmed her. In some ways, this very particular promiscuity was a continued cry for help from the dank cell of her loveless marriage. Consuelo Vanderbilt Earl, the last surviving child of William K. Vanderbilt II, builder of the Eagle's Nest estate in Centerport where she spent summers growing up, has died. Still, when it comes to Consuelos bedroom life, thats just the beginning. All Rights Reserved. Old film of Consuelo Vanderbilt visiting a working class housing area in Southwark, London, England in 1917. I therefore did not beg, but ordered her to marry the Duke.. Even so, its hard to argue with the results; the next period of Consuelos life was everything she deserved and more. In her newfound freedom, she is also able to take activist stands on issues important to her. May 8, 2019 - Explore Marie's board "Consuelo Vanderbilt", followed by 236 people on Pinterest. Sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, Extravagant Facts About Barbara Hutton, The Poor Little Rich Girl, These Stories Of Unforgettable Close Calls Made Our Jaws Drop, Grandiose Facts About Marie Antoinette, The Doomed Queen, Bloody Facts About Ivan the Terrible, The Mad Tsar Of Russia, These Eerie Supernatural Experiences Sent A Chill Down Our Spines, Catherine The Great Was a Mighty EmpressUntil Her Brutal Downfall. For Consuelo, one of the worst parts of being a wife was sharing her marriage bed with a man whom she didnt love, and who felt utterly indifferentif not outright scornfultoward her. Historys most fascinating stories and darkest secrets, delivered to your inbox daily. #Royals Consuelo Vanderbilt contrajo matrimonio con Charles Spencer-Churchill, Duque Marlborough el 6 de noviembre de 1895, su vestido, que era una creacin de la casa Worth es considerado un icono dentro de la historia de la alta costura #consuelovanderbilt #vanderbilts #royalwedding #highsociety #houseofworth # . But this American princess and "million dollar duchess" didn't get a happy endingshe got an utter nightmare. Consuelo begged to see her, but her mothers emissary instead insisted, referring to last nights fight, I warn you there will be catastrophe if you persist. In fact, such transactions occur with such frequency in the Gilded Age that the New York Times periodically prints a list of the sums changing hands. Certain of what her mother was going to say, the mild-mannered Consuelo finally put her foot down and stated her intention to marry Winthrop Rutherfurd. I knew that she was going to take it badly, but I had no idea about the insane lengths she would go to just to get revenge and mess with my life. . The duke decided he didnt need to attend the rehearsal, especially since he thought the American custom was vulgar. And when the duke finally got home from battle, Consuelo had another nasty surprise in store. Churchill frequently visited Consuelo in her chateau near Paris into the 1930s. I tried to get my ex-wife served with divorce papers. Not only did her son pass that fall, but in November of that year, her beloved husband Jacques Balsannow frail and 88 years oldalso passed. Consuelo Vanderbilt, born in New York in 1877, was the first child of William Kissam Vanderbilt (grandson of the Commodore, Cornelius Vanderbilt) and his first wife, Alva Erskine Smith. She Was A Golden Child Advertisement Consuelo Vanderbilt around 1910. Although Balsan sold her home in 1957, it still exists. But it wasnt all good news. But, her parents had divorced in 1895 when Consuelo was only 18 and this drastically changed her fate. It is often said that the Dukes nickname, Sunny, was not given because it reflected his personality, but was simply taken from his first courtesy title, the Earl of Sunderland. Estimate: $300,000-500,000. Consuelo Vanderbilt was considered a great beauty, with a face compelling enough to cause the playwright Sir James Barrie, author of Peter Pan, to write, "I would stand all day in the street to see Consuelo Marlborough get into her carriage. And then there were Consuelos unpleasant duties. She rushed to her husband and confessed everything, hoping now she could finally be free. Thats because she was far from faithful herselfand one of her first lovers was scandalous. There is an 1 1/2 diagonal tear to the paper in the upper left edge. Though largely embarked upon as a way to facilitate the Anglican duke's desire to convert to Roman Catholicism, the annulment, to the surprise of many, also was fully supported by the former duchess's mother, who testified that the VanderbiltMarlborough marriage had been an act of unmistakable coercion. American socialite heiress, Duchess of Marlborough. All the same, Rutherfurd wouldnt budge, and Consuelo had to go back to Marlborough with her tail between her legs. Cstoria ei cu Charles Spencer-Churchill, al 9-lea Duce de Marlborough a devenit o emblem internaional a cstoriilor . Apparently, he felt too attached to her to elope. After Jacques Balsans death two years later, Consuelo continues to divide her time between New York and Southampton, becoming a familiar figure around town. He was a frequent visitor at her chteau, in Saint-Georges-Motel, a small commune near Dreux about 50 miles from Paris, in the 1920s and 1930s, where he completed his last painting before the war. In fact, Churchill had been heir to the Duke of Marlborough until Consuelo and the Duke had their first son in 1897, and freed him to pursue a career in politics. She was the only daughter of railroad millionaire William Kissam Vanderbilt and his wife, southern belle and suffragist Alva Erskine Smith. This leads to the uncomfortable truth: The true urgency for the divorce was a betrayal of the first order. It would be nearly another 26 years before the two would finally marry in 1921 and Consuelo would find happiness with Jacques in France, and later in Southampton. Later, Consuelos summers are spent at Newport in the colossal Marble House, a grandiose mansion, also designed by William Morris Hunt, and completed in 1892. A decade older than Consuelo, Balsam had been nearing his 30s at the time he first ogled the teenager. Consuelo Balsan (formal, Consuelo, Duces de Marlborough; nscut Consuelo Vanderbilt) ( 2 martie 1877 - 6 decembrie 1964 ), a fost membr proeminent a familiei americane Vanderbilt. Scariest of all, she vaguely threatened that she wouldnt hesitate to shoot a man if I thought he might ruin your life. Instead of succumbing to her daughters will, Alva exploded with rage, insulting Consuelo and Winthrop alike for their stupidity. 3 /5. Paid Notice: Deaths EARL, CONSUELO VANDERBILT Published: February 27, 2011 EARL--Consuelo Vanderbilt, a great-great-granddaughter of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, died on February 21, 2011, at the age of 107. The Duke is said to have collected $2.5 million (more than $25 million today), delivered in valuable railroad stock. Not content to limit herself to her daughters looks, Alva also rigorously corrected Consuelos personality and behavior. As for Consuelos feelings on the matter? The fallout was unimaginable. When the infamous Vanderbilt divorce officially went through, high society couldnt help gossiping about what was going on. The dream home of 26,000 square feet is called Casa Alva, in honor of her mother. When I issued an order nobody discussed it. Consuelo Vanderbilt & the Duke of Marlborough It perhaps all started with Consuelo Vanderbilt, who married the Duke of Marlborough in 1895. Indeed, Consuelo was set to leave the very next day. Her great-great-great-grandfather was business magnate and family dynasty founder Cornelius Vanderbilt. Instead, Alva invited the Duke of Marlborough back to America to visit just a couple of months later. Consuelo was young, but she wasnt dumb: She knew what her mother was up to, and she knew it spelled certain doom. In 1954, they begin summering in Southampton in the shingled cottage on Ox Pasture Road variously known as Gardenside and Cara Mia. She did, however, get one last tragic chance with him. [12] Still she refused. On 6 November 1895 huge crowds gathered outside St. Thomass Episcopal Church at 5th Avenue and 53rd Street in Manhattan. This work is offered in the 19th-Century European Art sale on 26 October at Christie's in New York Alva Vanderbilt got her wish, and Consuelo and the Duke became engaged in September of 1895. Daughter of Alva Vanderbilt. It was ghostwritten by Stuart Preston, an American writer who was an art critic for The New York Times. But if she thought that was the worst thing shed find out on her honeymoon, she was very, very wrong. The Duke, who has set a high price on himself and his title, has arrived late for the ceremony after last-minute negotiations to squeeze more from the Vanderbilt fortune. Pastel on canvas. Guest and Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan, Facemasks required while inside any Museum building, 17 Meeting House Lane / PO Box 303, Southampton, NY 11968. She refers to it as her fathers house, the place where she spends the early summers and autumn months of her childhood crabbing, fishing in the Connetquot River, and learning to sail. Years later, I was using her phone when I made an utterly chilling discovery. Consuelos marriage to the Duke had been arranged through the machinations of her socially striving mother, Alva, who had long hoped to secure an aristocratic match for her daughter. In April 2015, she filmed a music video at the Vanderbilt Mansion. Consuelo fit the bill: her father had come into a $50 million legacy, the equivalent of $1.3 billion today. Over the years, the bankrupted dynasty had had to sell off masses of furnishings and possessions, so that now the stately home was only a husk. Consuelo was reasonably successful in English society and in her duties as a Duchess, but the simple truth was that she and the Duke were poorly matched in terms of temperament. It is a scandal but the indomitable Alva survives socially while Consuelo makes the difficult adjustment to life at Blenheim, far from home in a house full of haughtyservants with a husband she does not love and who does not love her. One of the naughty Spencer-Churchill cousins was Charles, Viscount Castlereagh, and he was more of a piece of work than the Duke of Marlborough himself. their appropriation quickly dissipated when it turned out that by the time william k. vanderbilt inherited the family fortune (his share enlarged considerably thanks to alva's clever manipulation of her father-in-law), willie ended up with 50 per cent of his father's residuary estate ($65 million) instead of the meagre $10 million earmarked for Please reach out to us to let us know what youre interested in reading. Since Consuelos separation from the duke, her domineering mother Alva had made a strange, late-in-life pivot. Shortly after becoming the official lady of the house at Consuelos old home of Blenheim, Gladys painted a huge mural of her own sparkling green eyes on the front hall ceiling. But she soon realized something had gone terribly wrong. However, despite our best efforts, we sometimes miss the mark. In her teens, Consuelo is recognized as a great beauty. Consuelo spent her remaining years living like a ghost of a bygone agewhich, in all honesty, she was. From the day of Consuelos birth, Alva harbors the highest social goals for her only daughter, but as long as Consuelo remains a young girl, she is allowed some freedom to enjoy her very privileged surroundings. The year of Consuelos engagement was also the year the Vanderbilt family publicly imploded. Family Her mother is Alva Belmont and her father is William Kissam Vanderbilt I . The duke proposed to her in her family cottage, but he was more like a dutiful cadet than a passionate lover. Churchill commiserates with Consuelos marital unhappiness and as Consuelo and the Duke grow further and further apart, Churchill is her ally in negotiating an official separation in 1906. Now that Consuelo has been molded into the perfect wife for a noble husband, Alva takes her to Europe and introduces her to many titled young men. Almost as soon as she heard about her daughters broken engagement, Alva miraculously recovered from her deathbed, though not enough to treat Consuelo with any warmth in the coming weeks. Consuelo V Earl in U.S. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) Consuelo V Earl was born on November 23 1903. Consuelo Vanderbilt was a willowy beauty of 17 when the 26-year-old Frenchman and future aviation pioneer, Jacques Balsan, first saw her and fell in love. A Confederate loyalist, Alva was infamous in her hometown of Mobile, Alabama for being a spoiled little girl who enjoyed mistreating the slaves she and her family owned. Cornelius Vanderbilt, byname Commodore Vanderbilt, (born May 27, 1794, Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York, U.S.died January 4, 1877, New York, New York), American shipping and railroad magnate who acquired a personal fortune of more than $100 million. She later became involved with other philanthropic projects and was particularly interested in those that affected mothers and children. The Dukes motivation was primarily financial. The story explored an arranged marriage, Costin said, and looked at the societal pressures and family positioning that had plagued Vanderbilt women of the past, dating back to Consuelo Vanderbilt's marriage to the Duke of Marlborough at the end of the nineteenth century. See more ideas about vanderbilt, marlborough, belle epoque. Her father soon started to spend the family fortune, enthusiastically supported by Consuelo's mother, Alva, who was determined to take the family to the top of New York societyforcing a heartbroken Consuelo into a marriage she did not want with the underfunded . Perhaps most harsh, Alva orders creation of a steel brace to run from Consuelos forehead to her waist to ensure correct posture, and, indeed, Consuelo is often praised for her regal carriage. Now she went in for the kill. Her first marriage produced two sons, John Spencer-Churchill, the 10th duke, and Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill. After their agonizing will-they, wont-they back and forth, she eventually did hook up with Winthrop Rutherfurd shortly after her marriage. LADY SARAH SPENCER-CHURCHILL, who has died suddenly in Connecticut, aged 78, was a powerful personality, 6 ft tall, rich and well-known in international society for several decades. Mrs. Balsan, widow of Lieut. Her youngest son, Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill, developed a brain tumor, and his health quickly went downhill. Consuelo Vanderbilt-Balsan (formerly Consuelo Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough; born Consuelo Vanderbilt; March 2, 1877 December 6, 1964) was a socialite and a member of the prominent American Vanderbilt family. On November 6, 1895, Consuelos nightmare finally became a reality. From petty paybacks to insane acts of karma, these bitter people somehow found the most ingenious ways. Charles was such a rake that he would often send Consuelo love letters with missives to his other girlfriends attached, along with a request that she kindly forward them along. Consuelo Vanderbilt married the 9th Duke of Marlborough at St. Thomas Episcopal Church, New York City, on November 6, 1895. [24] Jacques Balsan died in 1956 at the age of 88. Stock#48098. marah. [19] However, given the ill-fitting match between the duke and his wife, it was only a matter of time before their marriage was in name only. In a story with a happy ending, this would be where the heiress got her hearts desire and married the man of her dreams despite her mothers objections. No clan is left untouched, and even families that seem happy and normal on. The couple: Consuelo Vanderbilt and Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough When: 1895 Where: New Yorkthe ceremony at St. Thomas Church, and the reception at Mrs. Vanderbilt's home . So instead of holding her ground, the still-teenaged girl asked the emissary to inform Winthrop that she couldnt marry him, and that shed canceled their engagement. As such, the birth of Consuelos first son helped free Winston to go into politicssomething he was apparently very grateful for, and the pair became fast friends. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0. But her privilege came with nightmarish punishments. When Consuelo married into the Spencer-Churchill family, she inadvertently changed the course of history. While Consuelos tycoon father William was no saint in the boardroom or the bedroom, there was a much naughtier secret at play. But it also put her in incredibly horrible positions. In 1956, Consuelo got devastating news. But Consuelos fianc dealt her a cruel snub. [3] When, as a teenager, Consuelo objected to the clothing her mother had selected for her, Alva told her that No, she died on 12/06/1964, 58 years ago. In 1886 William Vanderbilt inherited $65 million on the death of his father. In the intervening years, both would marry others, Balsan would be celebrated for his record-breaking feats of aviation, while Consuelo would submit to the life imposed on her as the spectacularly rich and aristocratically groomed daughter of Alva Vanderbilt, a woman with obsessive social ambitions. But the Duke had a dark side he was hiding from Consuelo. Consuelo Vanderbilt March 2, 1877 - December 6, 1964. At the Paris races in 1905 with her father. We will update Consuelo Vanderbilt's Height, weight, Body Measurements, Eye Color, Hair Color, Shoe & Dress size soon as possible. And really, this was just a tiny sign of the deranged acts to come. Helleu was cultured, sophisticated and witty, and was a friend to Consuelo during a lonely time in her life. Consuelos course of instruction, supervised by her mother, has always bordered on cruelty. And soon, the power-tripping Alva turned her gaze on her daughter. Consuelo actually had affairs with no fewer than three of the Duke of Marlboroughs cousins over the course of her marriage, to the shock and horror of the respectable Spencer-Churchill family. Eventually, karma came for him. 161 likes. On March 26, 1883, Alva hosts a masked ball for 1,000 guests to officially open her Fifth Avenue castle and confirm her triumph in entering the highest ranks of New York society. Consuelo was described as having a " piquante oval face perched upon a long slender neckenormous dark eyes fringed with curling lashes". He has scandalized his family by abandoning his first wife on their honeymoon to travel with a French dancer. Copyright 2023 by Factinate.com. [28], Consuelo Balsan published her insightful but not entirely candid autobiography, The Glitter and the Gold, in 1953. Madame de Pompadour didn't just share King Louis XV's bed, she also shared his power. Consuelo may not have had much attraction to her husband, but she certainly seemed to like his family line. That would have been painful on its own to hear, but the Duke followed it up with a much crueler insult.
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