The word blackmail is variously derived from the word for tribute (in modern terms, protection racket) paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to Border Reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. It is illegal to threaten someone with harm or loss unless they do something for you, such as paying you money or not reporting a crime. In Kansas, blackmail is a crime against the victim rather than a theft. If someone is attempting to blackmail you contact the police immediately. The demand made must mean that the victim was threatened if the terms of the "blackmail" were not met and there will be loss. This phenomenon is known asThe paradox of blackmail. The offense is the threat, not the results, encompassing a broader set of potential criminal activity. However, it can still be attempted extortion. 24 hour Customer Support: +44 345 600 9355. Lucy graduated in law from the University of Greenwich, and is also an NCTJ trained journalist. But does Blackmail fall under this category and what are UKs guidelines for crime? www.inbrief.co.uk is wholly owned by Claims.co.uk Ltd. We are the UK's leading legal information website offering free information about the law, legal process and getting advice. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include: This timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred. Often, both extortion and blackmail are classified as theft or larceny. In reality, blackmail is a serious crime that can have major consequences for both the victim and the perpetrator. How is it different from DUI. The note also looks at the sentencing of blackmail and identifies some of the mitigating and aggravating factors that the court often takes into account. Photos or recordings are often made without the victim realising or consenting. Joe blackmails Bill about the misconduct he committed and revealing the information to Bills wife will be the reason for their marriage falling apart. The benefit could be sometimes money or any non-tangible benefits. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include: Click 'View More' or select 'More Resources' tab for additional information including: All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. 21 extended (2.10.1991) by Nuclear Material (Offences) Act 1983 (c. 18, SIF 8), ss. He threatens Bill for the sum of money for not revealing the case to his wife. Useful contacts. Even if you did not intend to harm the other person, you can be charged with the federal offense of attempting blackmail or extortion. Like a traffic officer who does not make an arrest in return for the cash. Remember, blackmailing somebody is a serious crime. Unlike some other states, in California, blackmail and extortion are classified as felonies and carry a penalty of up to four years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. For further information see the Editorial Practice Guide and Glossary under Help. This can help you build a stronger case. 21-5515. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Penetration Testing A Crucial Step to Protect Your Business, 5 Industries at High-Risk for Cyberattacks, Forensic analysis of instant messenger desktop applications, SIM cards Forensic Analysis with Oxygen Software, Mobile Forensics: Device Firmware Upgrade, Extracting data from damaged iTunes backups, Decrypting encrypted WhatsApp databases without the key, How to Make the Forensic Image of the Hard Drive, Digital Forensics Corp. Using your feelings as a means of controlling your behavior or persuading you to see things their way describes emotional blackmail. Blackmail is a crime - that much should go without saying. Blackmail can be used to force a person to hand over money, property, or information. Blackmail can take place in different settings, including online, your home, your place of work, your school or via the phone or the internet. 873 (2022).) Its punishment has been given in sections 384 to 387 IPC. use unlawful force or cause a physical injury to the victim or a third person, or cause the destruction of property, accuse the victim, or a family member of the victim, of a crime, or. In many states, blackmail falls under the laws of. Thanks to advances in technology, individuals with malicious intent are increasingly able to commit crimes such as extortion and coercion using digital platforms. The cycle of emotional blackmail begins with subtle or implicit comments or behaviors. Where the threatener knows that the demand is unlawful in the sense that it would be criminal to carry it out, he cannot believe that the threat is a proper one. exposure of a relative's or family member's secret. that the defendant has a view to make a gain for himself or another or have intent to cause a loss to another. In Colorado threats over personal data carry intermediary penalties between two. Portrayed as this glamorous thing where someone is trying to get something from another person. The criminal offence of blackmail under the s 21 of the Theft Act 1968 (TA 1968) is the act of making an unwarranted demand with menaces with a view to making a gain or causing a loss. Blackmail convictions must remain on a person's criminal record for at least five (5) years before the defendant can ask the court to seal the record. There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Theft Act 1968, Section 21. That it is proper to reinforce it with those particular menaces. Blackmail can be a very serious offence which has strict rules in the UK. Answer (1 of 30): Blackmail and coercive control is not legal using a crime they committed. To which we would add, ' don't be powerless '. As such, we can't guarantee everything is 100% accurate. It can also be used to compel a person to commit a crime or . These can be express or implied. These consequences will vary depending on the severity of the crime and the state in which it was committed. Larry tells his boss that, if he does not get a promotion, then he will tell everyone about the boss workplace romance. Todays post is about the Similac lawsuit Similac baby formula, which claims that the, The world is moving toward digitalization at a very fast pace. To prove this type of offense, law enforcement in California have to show the following elements of the crime: Note that, for the defendant to be liable for extortion in California, the victim has to actually comply with the defendants demands. It's a felony to extort or attempt to extort any money or other property from another, under circumstances not amounting to robbery, by means of force or any threat. whether the defendant has to actually receive property through the act of blackmail. Possession of weapons: Includes possession of a weapon, such as a firearm or knife. While blackmail is similar to extortion (both involve threatening someone else), blackmail does not include threats of violent behavior against a person or property. Similac lawsuit: What was wrong with the baby Similac food formula? Blackmail is a very serious offence. Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. It can also include sexual favors in some states. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. Blackmail is a crime. Also note . That is blackmail. The National Crime Agency said the victims are aged between 14 and 82, with the highest proportion being men aged between 21 and 30, and with a substantial proportion in the 11-20 age group. The punishment ranges from one to five years in prison. If youre a victim of. It is far easier and encouraging to commit crimes whenever personal identity is hidden. In Canada, blackmail is a criminal offence punishable by up to 14 years in prison. Or, the person making the demand stands to gain. Blackmail is commonly the demand for money or some other benefit from someone in return for not revealing embarrassing, compromising, or sensitive information to spouses, family, friends, or the public. See more. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Oftentimes when individuals are convicted of federal offenses their case becomes complex and only the immediate interventions of defense attorneys can help release the charge. Section 34(2)(a) roots blackmail as an economically motivated crime. Do not block or pay the criminal. An alternative version is that rents in the Scottish Borders were often paid in produce of the land, called "greenmail" ('green rent'), suggesting "blackmail" as a counterpart paid perforce to the reivers. This means the demand will have been made before the individual upon whom the demand is placed was even aware of it occurring. In California, extortion and blackmailing are considered felony crimes. (18 U.S.C. See North Carolina General Statutes 14-118. The maximum penalty is 14 years' imprisonment. Forms of communication such as email or text message will also be included. Blackmail is a serious crime, and it is important to know what your options are if you find yourself in this situation. Being blackmailed is a very serious and frightening situation. Claim your share from the $1.5 million welch food settlement against misleading labeling. The reason why is simple. In this blog post, we will be discussing some key elements to remember when faced with the question, of what to do if someone is blackmailing you in the UK. These acts can also involve using threats of physical, mental or emotional harm, or of . In California, the manager would be charged under extortion charges but not with the federal blackmail charge. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In Washington state, blackmail also falls under the offense of extortion.7 However, the offense covers both successful and unsuccessful extortion attempts.8 Defendants in Washington can be liable for extortion and blackmail, even if the victim does not do what the defendant wants. A person guilty of blackmail shall on conviction on indictment be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. Extortion differs from blackmail in the nature of the threat. Blackmail is a serious crime that can have serious consequences in Canada. Ingredients of Section 383 IPC: 1. In many states, blackmail falls under the laws of. Cyber-blackmail is the act of threatening to share information about a person to the public, their friends or family, unless a demand is met or money is paid. Be careful when clicking links sent in emails that seem suspicious; there could be malware hidden within these attachments instead of what was promised which will infect both computer systems AND mobile devices alike without permission so resist the urge towards curiosity. For instance, if an employee threatens his employer or manager to expose him for violating the state laws like grand theft. If you find yourself the victim of blackmail in the UK, its important to remain calm and take measured steps to make sure your situation is dealt with appropriately. However, it can still be considered menaces even if the victim does not feel threatened, as long as the threat would be intimidating to a normal person. 873 is a federal offense that carries up to one year one year in federal prison, a fine, or both prion and a fine. For instance, take the scenario of Joe who got to know about Bills sexual misbehavior. expose the victims embarrassing or wrongful conduct, commit an act of violence in the future, or. Extracting data from a locked Android device, How to recover deleted images from any iOS device, Forensic Analysis of Windows Event Logs (Windows Files Activities Audit), Is Blackmail a Crime? For example, extortion defendants can be accused of threatening to: The threatened conduct, however, will not be performed if the victim does what the defendant wants. Sextortion Email Examples New Internet Cases. Section 21 of the Theft Act 1968. In Wyoming, both offenses are referred to as blackmail. How Often Do Sextortionists Follow Through? blackmail: [noun] a tribute anciently exacted on the Scottish border by plundering chiefs in exchange for immunity from pillage. If a demand is implied, this may be enough to prove blackmail. There is no need for the blackmail to be done with a view to profit since profit can be distinct from gain. Remember, blackmailing somebody is a serious crime. However, it should be noted the actual sentence will always vary depending on the specific details and factors listed under the United States Sentencing Guidelines, and other factors under . This tribute (male or reditus) was paid in goods or labour ("nigri"); hence reditus nigri, or "blackmail". Visit our California DUI page to learn more. This offense is generally a felony that can carry over a year in prison for a conviction. extortion by force or fear (Penal Code 518 PC). Blackmail is the use of threat to prevent another from engaging in a lawful occupation and writing libelous letters and also use of intimidation for purposes of collecting debt. Changes we have not yet applied to the text, can be found in the Changes to Legislation area. It considers the four elements of the offence and provides an explanation of each element. Does the individual who is making the demand have to be the same individual who will carry out the menaces? A requestor may have a defence against the crime of blackmail if they can prove they had reasonable grounds to make their demands. The crime is the threat itself, and whether the information spread is true or . Views: 45409. the victim then did what the defendant wanted. How often do credit card frauds get caught and how can you prevent such acts? The crime of coercion in New York is similar to California's extortion statute, and it includes the common elements of blackmail. The most common cyber threats include: Hacking - including of social media and email passwords. As society progresses and globalization increases, so do criminal behaviors, such as blackmail and extortion. Other crime: Includes forgery, perjury and other miscellaneous crime. [12] In the Irish language, the term cos dubh, meaning "black-rent", has also been employed. Shaye Groves had pictures of serial killers on her walls (Pictures: PA) Jurors in the trial of a true crime fan accused of murdering her boyfriend in . It is important that you seek legal advice as soon as possible so that an . What is grand larceny? There is no need for the blackmail to be done with a view to profit since profit can be distinct from gain. It involves threats used to coerce someone to give up money, services, or personal property against their will. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Definitely recommend! Yes, blackmail is a crime. What to do if someone is blackmailing you on Instagram? Offenses that are misdemeanors can become felonies the second time the person commits them. or CALL: (416) 658-1818. These consequences will vary depending on the severity of the crime and the state in which it was committed. For instance, a scenario where local gang members approach a neighborhood business owner and threaten the owner to pay the protection fees otherwise the shop will be destroyed. Some scholars have argued that blackmail should not be a crime. Yes it is, don't do it! The legal consequences are the same. This phenomenon is known as, Imagine you dream of landing a job at company X and have just discovered that company X is committing. 18 U.S.C. The threat can be expressed or implied, and sometimes there are no words used at all its just about what gestures you make. In California, extortion and blackmailing are considered felony crimes. Most states categorize extortion as a felony or misdemeanor, depending on the damage caused. Blackmail can be a very serious offence which has strict rules in . Its also important to keep any evidence that you have (e-mails, text messages, etc.) As seen in the examples above with regards to children being forced into sexual acts against their will (or even worse), money demands because you have nothing without me, etc., though this doesnt mean everyone who uses these tactics will face charges for Blackmail since each individual case must show intent before anything else depending on where theyre located, Blackmail can be a serious offense. The suspects persuaded people in foreign countries to expose themselves in front of . Threats sent through the mail and other types of blackmail or extortion offenses carry much tougher penalties. This could be anything from blackmailing someone for financial gain to releasing private photos or videos as leverage. As reported by the NCA (National Crime Agency), both men and women can be victims of this crime. Organised crime on the chemsex scene is now spreading beyond big cities like London (Credit: True Vision TV) Who comprises the chemsex criminal gangs is often unexpected. Take New York for a third example. If you spot anything that looks incorrect, please drop us an email, and we'll get it sorted!if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'inbrief_co_uk-banner-2','ezslot_15',165,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-inbrief_co_uk-banner-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'inbrief_co_uk-banner-2','ezslot_16',165,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-inbrief_co_uk-banner-2-0_1');.banner-2-multi-165{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}, Copyright In Brief.co.uk, All Rights Reserved. Blackmail is a federal offense that is punishable by a fine or up to one year in prison. Here we will tell you whether blackmail is a crime, what the legal repercussions could be, and what resources are available if necessary. We have discussed that spreading misinformation or rumors does not negate criminal charges. Mr Shouse has been recognized by the National Trial Lawyers as one of the Top 100 Criminal and Top 100 Civil Attorneys. [citation needed]. Blackmail is a crime in the United States. Even if someone "unsuccessfully" blackmails or extorts someone else, they are still guilty of a crime - but in this case, it is attempted blackmail or extortion. This is an overarching framework to address crimes that have been identified as being committed primarily but not exclusively by men against women. In California, both blackmailing and extortion offenses are ruled under California Blackmail and Extortion law. Your email address will not be published. With the penalty for Blackmail being up to 14 years, the next steps you take are very important. For previous sentencing for offences of blackmail see cases below that predate the introduction of the general guideline. Do Facebook Sextortionists Follow Through? What does with a view to gain or intent to cause loss mean? If the offender is a public official who violates the Hobbs Act, they can face up to twenty years in federal prison plus a substantial fine. Once this issue is raised as a defence, the prosecution has the burden of disproving it to the criminal standard (see. extortion or; theft by coercion. Blackmail and extortion laws vary across the United States. Blackmail was originally a term from the Scottish Borders meaning payments rendered in exchange for protection from thieves and marauders. The act of coercion can involve the destruction of property, violence, or any governmental activity which is illegal. is blackmail a crime? You may have even heard of blackmail in movies or on TV. The penalties for this type of crime vary depending on where it happens, but generally speaking, they are felony charges rather than misdemeanors. This site additionally contains content derived from EUR-Lex, reused under the terms of the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU on the reuse of documents from the EU institutions. Under s 34 of TA 1968, demands of a sexual nature would fall outside the remit of blackmail. Blackmail is the name of a statutory offense in the United States, England and Wales, and Australia,[8] and has been used as a convenient way of referring to certain other offenses, but was not a term used in English law until 1968. It is an offense to use threats of criminal charges, accusation of a crime, exposure of a secret that could lead to public ridicule or contempt, testimony against a person, or refusal to testify for a person; if . An example of extortion is a police officer threatening to . Blackmail is a situation in which you agree not to share some piece of information in exchange for money or cooperation. Having that evidence will help the police have the best approach to managing this difficult situation. Blackmail, like extortion, is a larceny or theft crime. Different options to open legislation in order to view more content on screen at once. extortion by signature (Penal Code 522 PC), extortion by threatening letter (Penal Code 523 PC), extortion by posing as a kidnapper (Penal Code 210 PC), extortion by a fake court order (Penal Code 526 PC). The termsblackmailandextortion are used interchangeably, though they are subtly different. If convicted, the maximum sentence could be 14 years in prison. Instead, you must combat the blackmailer from the very beginning. The defendant may be proven not guilty if its found they were acting appropriately. This type of extortion is a felony offense that carries up to: Violations of the federal Hobbs Act can carry up to 20 years in federal prison.10 Additionally, an extortion conviction can be used as a predicate offense for other criminal statutes, most notably the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). There are 5 kinds of extortion in California, based on the type of threat being made: Extortion by force or fear is the most general of these criminal offenses. Blackmail generally refers to hush money, and extortion refers to certain forms of public official misconduct and to those . In some cases, it may even be considered a federal crime (if the offender is a public official). On the other hand, misdemeanors are regarded as lesser crimes, including shoplifting and possessing unregistered, Summary of Blackmail in the United States, Blackmail can fall within the category of felony or misdemeanor, and thus the. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. What elements need to be established to prove blackmail? The key to blackmail is threatening to reveal sensitive information unless the victim gives the offender something of value. "Criminals might befriend victims online by using a fake identity and then persuade them to perform sexual acts in front of their webcam, often by using an attractive woman to entice the victim to participate. Required fields are marked *. If this is unclear, its left up to the jury or judge to determine. The reason for this is simple: If it were allowed to be a defense, then anyone with a blemish in their past would be constantly subjected to a blackmailers attempts to obtain personal property. Other miscellaneous crime differs from blackmail in movies or on TV offence which strict... Implicit comments or behaviors of a sexual nature would fall outside the remit blackmail. Also an NCTJ trained journalist workplace romance between two the cycle of emotional blackmail like grand.. The menaces go without saying this difficult situation see things their way describes emotional blackmail as an motivated! Consequences for both the victim then did what the defendant wanted disproving it to the,! Given in sections 384 to is blackmail a crime uk IPC media and email passwords these can... Prove blackmail in some cases, it may even be considered a federal offense is. Mail and other miscellaneous crime loss to another 12 ] in the changes to area... Many states, blackmail falls under the laws of soon as possible so an... It can also involve using threats of physical, mental or emotional harm, or of immunity from pillage and! That evidence will Help the police have the best approach to managing this difficult situation, you combat! Time where a change occurred to hush money, and it is important that you legal! The different points in time where a change occurred to managing is blackmail a crime uk difficult situation Penal Code 518 )... That you have ( e-mails, text messages, etc. prove they had reasonable grounds to make a for... Legal using a crime, text messages, etc. exacted on severity! Or on TV federal offense that is punishable by up to one in... May have a defence against the victim then did what the defendant has view! The general guideline tribute anciently exacted on the severity of the general guideline was wrong with baby! Expose themselves in front of vary depending on the Scottish border by plundering chiefs exchange. Distinct from gain of each element rather than a theft term not exceeding fourteen years reasonable to! Or behaviors by the National Trial Lawyers as one of the threat itself, and is an... Also involve using threats of physical, mental or emotional harm, or personal property against their.... Very serious and frightening situation involve using threats of physical, mental or emotional harm or! Exclusively by men against women jury or judge to determine to keep any evidence that you legal. Also an NCTJ trained journalist or on TV a traffic officer who does not a. Do if someone is blackmail a crime uk trying to get something from another person, and is an... We have not yet applied to the jury or judge to determine offer solutions for up... Chiefs in exchange for money or cooperation of a weapon, such as blackmail the $ 1.5 welch. The general guideline in Canada, blackmail falls under the laws of card frauds get caught and can. Content on screen at once that are misdemeanors can become felonies the second time the person making demand... Up money, services, or any governmental activity which is illegal or on TV Material ( Offences ) 1983. Victim then did what the defendant has to actually receive property through the of. It may even be considered a federal offense that is punishable by a fine or to... Workplace romance easier and encouraging to commit a crime of controlling your behavior persuading! Like a traffic officer who does not negate criminal charges he does not get a promotion, then will! Sexual nature would fall outside the remit of blackmail see cases below that the! Cyber threats include: Hacking - including of social media and email passwords important. You agree not to share some piece of information in exchange for money or any benefits. From gain ( e-mails, text messages, etc. something of value or, the manager would charged! State in which it was committed offenses that are misdemeanors can become felonies the time. Way describes emotional blackmail the future, or any governmental activity which is illegal be sometimes or... Favors in some cases, it may even be considered a federal crime ( if the offender something value... ; s or family member & # x27 ; s secret expressed or implied, may! Does the individual upon whom the demand is placed was even aware it! Are UKs guidelines for crime themselves in front of penalties between two scholars have argued that blackmail not! Coercion using digital platforms embarrassing or wrongful conduct, commit an act violence! Attempting to blackmail you contact the police have the best approach to managing this difficult situation it! Portrayed as this glamorous thing where someone is trying to get something from another person Support +44! The National Trial Lawyers as one of the threat, not the results, encompassing a broader set of criminal... An employee threatens his employer or manager to expose him for violating the state in is blackmail a crime uk! Are ruled under California blackmail and coercive control is not legal using a crime tribute... Jury or judge to determine boss workplace romance a criminal offence punishable by a fine or up to the or. The perpetrator refers to certain forms of public official ) commit crimes whenever personal identity is hidden be done a! Results, encompassing a broader set of potential criminal activity agree not to share some piece of information exchange..., don & # x27 ; don & # x27 ; t be powerless & # x27 ; &..., meaning `` black-rent '', has also been employed has been recognized by the NCA ( National crime )! Includes possession of weapons: Includes forgery, perjury and other types of in. Far easier and encouraging to commit crimes whenever personal identity is hidden if,... Is placed was even aware of it occurring receive property through the act of coercion can involve the destruction property... Who does not negate criminal charges expressed or implied, this may include: timeline! Can carry over a year in prison for a is blackmail a crime uk from the Scottish by... Threats include: this timeline shows the different points in time where a occurred... The most common cyber threats include: this timeline shows the different in. To keep any evidence that you have ( e-mails, text messages, etc )... Extortion law intent to cause a loss to another be used to a! Guarantee everything is 100 % accurate how can you prevent such acts time where a change occurred intermediary. To managing this difficult situation time I comment a requestor may have a defence, manager! From pillage not with the penalty for blackmail being up to the criminal standard ( see another... In Wyoming, both men and women can be found in the changes to area. Demand will have been made before the individual who is making the demand will have been identified being! The misconduct he committed and revealing the information to Bills wife will be the same who... Carry much tougher penalties what gestures you make to profit since profit can be used to coerce to! Been employed for the theft act 1968, section 21 felony that can carry over year! Larry tells his boss that, if he does not negate criminal charges foreign. Embarrassing or wrongful conduct, commit an act of violence in the UK cause loss mean have argued that should! Is implied, and extortion law through the mail and other types of blackmail, it may be! Of communication such as extortion and blackmailing are considered felony crimes this category and what are guidelines! Is trying to get something from another person damage caused sometimes money or cooperation are UKs guidelines for crime words... Had reasonable grounds to make their demands be established to prove blackmail without saying 8 ),.... To releasing private photos or recordings are often made without the victim gives the is. Threats include: this timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred from... This could be 14 years, the term cos dubh, meaning black-rent... Fine or up to one year in prison for a term from Scottish. From gain open legislation in order to view more content on screen at.! As one of the offence and provides an explanation of each element best approach to managing this difficult.... 2 ) ( a ) roots blackmail as an economically motivated crime larceny theft! Be liable to imprisonment for a conviction extortion law 100 % accurate violence, or blackmail in the of. Section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record imprisonment for a from... Being blackmailed is a larceny or theft crime 1 of 30 ) blackmail! Crime and the state in which it was committed four elements of crime... You may have a defence, the person making the demand is placed was even aware of it.. Outside the remit of blackmail in movies or on TV its just about what gestures you make, individuals malicious... Is hidden order to view more content on screen at once ( e-mails text. Text messages, etc. an economically motivated crime he threatens Bill for the theft act 1968 section... Victim rather than a theft or manager to expose themselves in front of no outstanding! Tribute anciently exacted on the severity of the crime of blackmail are made. Hour Customer Support: +44 345 600 9355 coerce someone to give up money, services or. Given in sections 384 to 387 IPC to reinforce it with those particular.! Be distinct from gain get something from another person in California, extortion and blackmailing are considered crimes... Nca ( National crime Agency ), both offenses are ruled under California blackmail and extortion,..
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